SS Cyril and Methodius Orthodox Institute
Orthodox Education for Faith and Life
ARTICLES
Below are instructions on how to reference various articles including those from academic journals.
PRINT JOURNAL ARTICLE
1st Footnote
Note number. First Author’s Full Name and Full Name of Additional Author(s) (up to 3 authors. Any more use et al. after first author),"Article Title: Article Subtitle," Journal Title Volume(Issue Number) (Year of Publication): Page Numbers, at Numbers Being Cited.
Examples
1. Anders Klostergaard Peterson, "Shedding New Light on Paul's Understanding of Baptism: A Ritual-Theological Approach to Romans 6," Studia Theologica 52(1) (1998): 101–117, at 113–16.
2. J. Edward Walters, “The Philoxenian Gospels as Reconstructed from the Writings of Philoxenos of Mabbug,” Hugoye 13 (2010): 177–249, at 221.
Subsequent Footnotes
Note number. Author’s Surname and Surname of Additional Authors (up to 3 authors. Any more use et al. after first author), "Shortened Article Title," Page or Pages.
Examples
1. Peterson, "Shedding New Light," 104.
2. Walters, “The Philoxenian Gospels," 180–89.
Bibliography
Author’s Surname, Author’s Given Name, and Full Name of Additional Author(s), "Article Title: Article Subtitle," Journal Title Volume(Issue Number) (Year of Publication): Page Numbers.
Example Bibliography
Peterson, Anders Klostergaard, "Shedding New Light on Paul's Understanding of Baptism: A Ritual-Theological Approach to Romans 6," Studia Theologica 52(1) (1998): 101–117.
Walters, J. Edward, “The Philoxenian Gospels as Reconstructed from the Writings of Philoxenos of Mabbug,” Hugoye 13 (2010): 177–249.
ELECTRONIC- JOURNAL ARTICLE
(E-JOURNAL)
Please note, that if the article is also available in print form you can reference it as a print article.
Also, please do not use Kindle location references. Page numbers from the original document are required. You can change Kindle settings to show page numbers.
Many e-journals do not have fixed page numbers. When this is the case, use other locaters such as a chapter number or a section heading instead.
References to e-resources include either a URL or a Digital Object Identifier (DOI). If allocated, DOI's are the preferred electronic resource identifier.
1st Footnote
Note number. First Author’s Full Name and Full Name of Additional Author(s) (up to 3 authors. Any more use et al. after first author), "Article Title: Article Subtitle," Journal Title Volume(Issue Number) (Year of Publication): Page Numbers, at Numbers Being Cited, DOI or URL (Date accessed day/month/year).
Examples
1. Brad East, "Is Scripture a Gift? Reflections on the Divine-Ecclesial Provision of the Canon," Religions 13(10), 961 (2022), https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13100961 (accessed 13/10/2022).
2. Lindsey Marie Ross, “Genesis 9: 20–21: Noah’s Legacy of the Vine,” Denison Journal of Religion 3, Article 6 (2003), http://digitalcommons.denison.edu/religion/vol3/iss1/6 (accessed 01/09/2018).
Subsequent Footnotes
Note number. Author’s Surname and Surname of Additional Authors (up to 3 authors. Any more use et al. after first author), "Shortened Article Title."
Examples
1. East, "Is Scripture a Gift?"
2. Ross, "Genesis 9: 20–21."
Bibliography
Author’s Surname, Author’s Given Name, and Full Name of Additional Author(s), "Article Title: Article Subtitle," Journal Title Volume(Issue Number) (Year of Publication): Page Numbers, DOI or URL (Date accessed day/month/year).
Example Bibliography
East, Brad, "Is Scripture a Gift? Reflections on the Divine-Ecclesial Provision of the Canon," Religions 13(10), 961 (2022), https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13100961 (accessed 13/10/2022).
Ross, Lindsey Marie, “Genesis 9: 20–21: Noah’s Legacy of the Vine,” Denison Journal of Religion 3, Article 6 (2003), http://digitalcommons.denison.edu/religion/vol3/iss1/6 (accessed 01/09/2018).
BOOK REVIEW
1st Footnote
Note number. Reviewer’s Full Name, review of Title of Book Being Reviewed by Author(s) of book, Journal Title Volume(Issue Number) (Year of Publication): Page Numbers, at Numbers Being Cited.
Example
1. Perry Hamalis, review of The Fellowship of Life: Virtue Ethics and Orthodox Christianity by Joseph Woodill, Journal of Religion 80(1) (2000): 158-159, at 158.
Subsequent Footnotes
Note number. reviewer’s Surname, review of Shortened Book Title by Surname of Book Author(s), Page or Pages.
Example
1. Hamalis, review of The Fellowship of Life by Woodill, 158.
Bibliography
Reviewer’s Surname, Reviewer’s Given Name(s), review of Title of Book Being Reviewed by Author(s) of book, Journal Title Volume(Issue Number) (Year of Publication): Page Numbers.
Example Bibliography
Hamalis, Perry, review of The Fellowship of Life: Virtue Ethics and Orthodox Christianity by Joseph Woodill, Journal of Religion 80(1) (2000): 158–159.
NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE
1st Footnote
Note number. First Author’s Full Name and Full Name of Additional Author(s) (up to 3 authors. Any more use et al. after first author), "Headline/Article Title," Name of the Newspaper or Magazine Volume(Issue Number)(Day Month Year): Page Numbers, at Numbers Being Cited, URL if applicable (Date accessed day/month/year).
Examples
1. Caitlin Fitzsimmons, "Sydney is Losing its Religion, Says the Census," Sydney Morning Herald (10 July 2022): 30.
2. J. Steven O'Malley, “Recovering "True Christianity": Pietism Stood at the Forefront of Renewal in the Seventeeth and Eighteenth Centuries,” Christian History (151)(2024): 14–16, at 15, https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/uploaded/ch151s.pdf (accessed 23/12/2024).
Subsequent Footnotes
Note number. Author’s Surname and Surname of Additional Authors (up to 3 authors. Any more use et al. after first author), "Shortened Article Title," Page or Pages.
Examples
1. Fitzsimmons, "Sydney is Losing its Religion," 30.
2. O'Malley, “Recovering "True Christianity"," 15–16.
Bibliography
Author’s Surname, Author’s Given Name, and Full Name of Additional Author(s), "Headline/Article Title," Name of the Newspaper or Magazine Volume(Issue Number)(Day Month Year): Page Numbers, URL if applicable (Date accessed day/month/year).
Example Bibliography
Fitzsimmons, Caitlin, "Sydney is Losing its Religion, Says the Census," Sydney Morning Herald (10 July 2022): 30.
O'Malley, J. Steven, “Recovering "True Christianity": Pietism Stood at the Forefront of Renewal in the Seventeeth and Eighteenth Centuries,” Christian History (151)(2024): 14–16,
https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/uploaded/ch151s.pdf (accessed 23/12/2024).
SIGNED DICTIONARY AND ENCYCLOPAEDIA ARTICLE(s)
1st Footnote
When citing an article in a dictionary or encyclopaedia, cite the author of the article (as opposed to the editor of the whole work) as the primary author. The author’s name can usually be found at the end of articles.
Note number. First Author’s Full Name and Full Name of Additional Author(s) (up to 3 authors. Any more use et al. after first author), "Title of Article,” Standardised Abbreviation of Dictionary or Encyclopaedia Title or Full Title of Work Volume:Page or Pages, at Page or Pages.
Example
1. Joseph W. Trigg, “Origen,” ABD 5:42–48, at 45.
2. H. M. Wiener, W. S. Caldecott, and C. E. Armerding, “Altar,” ISBE 1:100–104, at 100; W. L. Liefeld, “Lord’s Prayer,” ISBE 3:160–164, at 161.
Subsequent Footnotes
Note number. Author’s Surname and Surname of Additional Author(s) (up to 3 authors. Any more use et al. after first author), "Shortened Title of Article," Volume:Page or Pages.
Example
1. Trigg, “Origen,” ABD 5:42.
2. Wiener, Caldecott, and Armerding, “Altar,” ISBE 1:100; Liefeld, “Lord’s Prayer,” ISBE 3:160.
Bibliography
When more than one article is used from a work, cite the whole work in the bibliography using this formula:
First Editor’s Surname, First Editor’s Given Name, and Full Name of Additional Editor(s) (ed./eds), Title of Dictionary/Encyclopaedia: Subtitle of Dictionary/Encyclopaedia (volume(s); translator; Series and Series number; Place of Publication: Publisher’s Name, edition, Year of Publication).
OR
When only one article is used from a work, cite using this formula:
First Author’s Surname, First Author’s Given Name, Author’s Surname and Full Name of Additional Author(s), "Title of Article," in Title of Dictionary/Encyclopaedia: Subtitle of Dictionary/Encyclopaedia (volume; translator; editor; Series and Series number; Place of Publication: Publisher’s Name, edition, Year of Publication), Page Numbers.
Example Bibliography
Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (ed.), The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (vols 4; Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Fully revised edition, 1979–1988).
Trigg, Joseph W., “Origen,” in The Anchor Bible Dictionary (vol.5; ed. David Noel Freedman; New York, NY: Doubleday, 1992), 42–48.
LEXICON AND UNSIGNED DICTIONARY / ENCYCLOPAEDIA ENTRIES
Footnotes
The abbreviation “s.v.”, which stands for the Latin phrase “sub verbo”—meaning “under the word”, is used instead of page numbers in footnote references. S.v. means to look at the specific entry under the word indicated in a lexicon, dictionary, or encyclopaedia. Use s.vv. when citing multiple words from the same volume.
It is preferred that lowercase is used for words displayed in non-Latin alphabets, even though Latin words are to be capitalised.
The Standardised Abbreviation of Work is used in footnotes in place of a full reference. Please note that when an abbreviation is made from the names of the author or editors it is NOT italicised; whereas, when it stands for the title of the work it is italicised.
See this blog post for more information about referencing lexica, including a list of standardised abbreviations.
Note number. Standardised Abbreviation of Work or Full Title of Work volume (multivolume works only), s.v., “Word you looked up.”
Example
1. PGL, s.v. “ἐπιστασία.”
OR
Note number. Standardised Abbreviation of Work’s Title or Full Title of Work volume (multivolume works only), s.vv., “1st Word you looked up,” “2nd Word you looked up.”
Example
1. LEH, s.vv. “ἐνθύημα,” “λεαίνω.”
Bibliography
Use the same template as outlined for books.